The month of July 2026 witnessed the continued security and humanitarian instability in the states of North, East and West Darfur, as well as the border areas in eastern Chad, with the level of threats varying between regions. In North and West Darfur, military activity has escalated and the field movements of the armed parties have increased, especially in the areas of Kalbas, Sarba, Karnak, Abu Suruj, the area of Tawila, Tina and Al-Kuma, which has had a direct impact on the security of civilians, the movement of the population and the access to humanitarian aid. On the other hand, refugee camps in eastern Chad witnessed a relative decrease in security incidents compared to previous months, as a result of the security campaigns carried out by the Chadian authorities, despite the continued occurrence of thefts and individual attacks, in addition to the temporary impact of border traffic following the closure of the Adri crossing due to a security incident before reopening it later. The reporting period recorded a continuation of violations against civilians in various areas, including arbitrary arrests, detention in inhumane conditions, financial extortion, kidnapping for ransom, sexual violence, looting, extrajudicial killings, and restrictions on the movement of civilians.There were also reports of arrests targeting civilians in the cities of El Geneina, Al-Dayin and other areas, allegations of pressure on some communities to participate in military activities, as well as the continued detention of civilians on suspicion or political or social affiliations. In eastern Chad, the demolition of refugee homes in Adri camp has emerged as one of the most
prominent human rights developments, amid objections from refugees and demands to stop forced evictions and ensure safe alternatives. On the military front, the month was marked by an increase in the use of drones and long-range bombardment, with attacks on populated areas in North Darfur, including the Sari area in Al- Kouma locality and the Andrew area in Al-Tina locality, resulting in dozens of civilian deaths and injuries, in addition to the destruction of homes, the death of a number of livestock, and the targeting of markets and water sources on which thousands of displaced people depend. Military movements and clashes continued in the vicinity of Kalbas and the border areas of West Darfur, increasing the risk of displacement, complicating humanitarian access, and high levels of anxiety within local communities. On the humanitarian side, living conditions continued to deteriorate as a result of declining supplies, rising commodity prices and disruption of some health services. North Darfur has seen fears of running out of medicines following the suspension of the activities of the French organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), with confirmed cases of cholera, delayed payment of salaries of health workers, and growing fears of an agricultural season failure due to delayed rainfall. Darfur states have also been affected by rising food prices, shortages of basic commodities and increasing malnutrition, while internal displacement and refuge in Chad continued as a result of military operations and deteriorating security conditions. Despite the challenges, humanitarian organizations and community-based initiatives continued to implement broad interventions in the areas of food security, health, shelter, psychosocial support, education and protection. These interventions included the distribution of food and shelter items, the installation of thousands of tents, the implementation of health awareness campaigns, the provision of psychological support services, the operation of communal kitchens, the provision of meals to patients and their companions, as well as the organization of training programmes and community activities for children, women and youth. The continued opening of the Adri crossing for most of the month has also contributed to an enhanced flow of humanitarian aid into West Darfur, despite continued security restrictions in some areas. Additional challenges have also emerged that have affected the work of humanitarian organizations, including restrictions on the movement of humanitarian teams, disputes over aid management and revenue sharing, and the blockade of some humanitarian projects, as well as the continued difficulty of reaching communities affected by military operations and security measures. Meanwhile, local and international civil society organizations in eastern Chad continued to implement psychosocial support programmes, strengthen protection, raise awareness of transitional justice, and support human rights defenders, reflecting the growing role of civil society in responding to the cross-border humanitarian crisis.